Introduction
pfSense is a FreeBSD-based firewall and router platform. It brings enterprise-grade security features to commodity hardware.
Core Features
- Stateful firewall and NAT
- VLAN segmentation (802.1Q)
- Multi-WAN and policy routing
- OpenVPN / IPSec / WireGuard
- Suricata or Snort IDS/IPS
- Traffic shaping
Hardware Guidelines
Recommended Hardware├── CPU: 64-bit Intel/AMD (AES-NI for VPN)├── RAM: 4 GB minimum (8 GB+ for IDS)├── Storage: 32 GB SSD└── NICs: 2x Intel (WAN + LAN)
Initial Setup
After install, access the web UI at https://192.168.1.1:
1. Run the Setup Wizard
2. Configure WAN (DHCP/Static/PPPoE)
3. Configure LAN (default 192.168.1.1/24)
4. Set a strong admin password
Firewall Rules Strategy
Golden rule
VLAN Segmentation
Create VLANs for Guest, IoT, and Servers and apply least‑privilege rules between them.
VPN (WireGuard)
1. Install the WireGuard package
2. Create the tunnel and peers
3. Add firewall rules on WAN
4. Configure outbound NAT
IDS/IPS
Enable Suricata or Snort on the WAN and critical VLANs, then start in alert‑only mode before blocking.
Conclusion
pfSense turns standard hardware into a powerful security gateway when combined with strict segmentation.